Dravidian architecture in india art and culture ncert notes for. Nartamalai, brihadeeswara, gangai,onda cholapuram and. Dravidian languages, a family of languages spoken mainly in south india and northeastern sri lanka. These rathas carved out from hard granite and 9 in number, are important milestones in the development of dravidian temple architecture as they show the development of multistorey. Dravidian style temple architecture hindu temples in india. See more ideas about history, people of the world and black history. The dravidian language family, consisting of 80 varieties spoken by nearly 220 million people across southern and central india, originated about 4,500 years ago, a study has found. It is thought to have differentiated into protonorth dravidian, protocentral dravidian, and protosouth. Dravidian architecture was a style of architecture that emerged thousands of years ago in the southern part of the indian subcontinent or south india, built by the dravidian peoples. The dravidian languages are spoken by more than 215 million people in india, pakistan, and sri lanka. Typical layout of dravidian architecture which evolved from koyil as kings residence and is based on sthandila mandala. The dravidian art presents to us a very interesting and very rare picture of an architecture which remained isolated for more than thirteen centuries, which borrowed nothing from foreign arts, lut whicli varied continually by the path of natural evolution, in such a way that one could follow its modification.
A pagoda is a tiered tower with multiple eaves common to china, japan, korea, vietnam, nepal, myanmar and other parts of asia. Lecture 7 hindu temple designs temple architecture. The temple shape may be rectangular, square, starshaped, or octagonal. Dravidian peoples, those whose native languages are dravidian languages. What is the cultural and religious history of dravidians. Download dravidian temple architecture notes pdf for upsc 2020. Brahui belongs linguistically to the north dravidian group with several shared innovations with kurukh and malto. According to linguists, there is a relation between the sanskrit word satam, latin. Postmauryan trends in indian art and architecture part i. With an increasingly unstable political landscape during the 20th century, architectural growth in south india during this period is almost stagnant. There are around 245 million native speakers of dravidian languages.
Dravidian definition of dravidian by merriamwebster. Full text of dravidian architecture internet archive. Nagara, dravida and vesara temple architectural style along with buddhist and jain. Nayakmadura style 1600 ad onwards the dravidian style of architecture can be categorized as a distinct evolution in temple architecture through the various phases there is a marked evolution in the planning of the temple and the architectural. The following may not apply wholly or exclusively to all. Most pagodas were built to have a religious function, most often buddhist but. Dravidian people or dravidians are the present and past speakers of any of the dravidian languages. It consists primarily of temples with pyramid shaped towers and. Unfortunately, this creates a break in the continuity and comparative evolution. At times, the vesara style of temples is also found as an independent style, created through the selective mixing of the nagara and dravida orders.
Dravidian languages, family of some 70 languages spoken primarily in south asia. Similarly, various theories also suggest the possibility of the wagon vaulted bhima and ganesha rathas influencing the design of gopurams the most striking feature of south indian temples. Stage 1 mahendra group marked the beginning of rock cut cave architecture word mandap was used instead temple. The dravidians were the majority population across the indian subcontinent before the second millennium. Dravidian architecture was a style of architecture that emerged thousands of years ago in the southern part of the indian subcontinent or south india, built by the. Landscape studies program at dumbarton oaks, and owe much gratitude to john. The dravidian style of architecture can be categorised as a distinct evolution in temple architecture through the various phases there is a marked evolution in the planning of the temple and the architectural.
This is the name given to an architectural style that evolved in karnataka during the medieval centuries and combined both the nagara and the dravida styles. The dharmaraja and arjun ratha here are the most important ones as they influenced the later form and development of dravidian temple architecture. Unit 2 dravidian architecture religious architecture. This project proposes a goaloriented approach to software architectural evolution, in order to remedy the problems associated with a lack of methodical support during maintenance of software systems. In the approach, highlevel requirements are treated as goals to be achieved, which are clarified through decompositions, prioritized, and. The pallava architecture shows the transition from the rock cut temples to the stone built temples. Dravidian architecture was a style of primarily chola dynasty architecture, that emerged thousands of years ago in the indian subcontinent by the ancient tamil people. Dravidians are also present in singapore or the united arab. This article appeared was published in pragati in julu 20. It was a gradual evolution starting from the rock cut cave temples to. Indian temples with its imposing towers, intricate carvings and awe inspiring size were in fact the result of a gradual evolution. Dravida temple architecture origin and development. Upsc questions related to the topic culture are not so easy to prepare. In the last articles in the hindu temple architecture series, we have seen the development of art and.
Some good answers here about the history of dravidian religion, but heres a quick roud up of modern day dravidian religion as i see it. Dravidian speakers form the majority of the population of south india and are natively found in india, pakistan, afghanistan, bangladesh, the maldives and sri lanka. The dravidian languages are a language family spoken by more than 215 million people, mainly in southern india and northern sri lanka, with pockets elsewhere in south asia. Temple architecture and sculpture hindu, buddhist and jain. Unit iv temple architecture southern india brief history of south india relation between bhakti period and temple architecture of temple towns dravidian order evolution and form of gopuram rock cut productions under pallavas. The evidence of early dravidians comes from studying the indoaryan. The dravidian style is the typical south indian style temple that is usually made from stone. The main reason being lack of quality study materials which explain the same in simple language. Also, the dravidian style temples usually have a small top concave dome whereas the top of the northern style temple tends to be more complex and elaborate michell 8993. It consists primarily of hindu temples where the dominating feature is the high gopura or gatehouse. Dravidian architecture was an architectural idiom that emerged in the southern part of the indian subcontinent or south india. Dravidian architecture is an architectural idiom in hindu temple architecture that emerged in the southern part of the indian subcontinent or south india, reaching its final form by the sixteenth century. Shore temple, mahabalipuram and kailasanatha temple,kanchipuram chola architecture. Temple architecture in south india dravida style four stages of temple architecture had been observed in south india mainly during the pallavas rule, around 6th century ad which are as follows.
Ancient origins articles related to dravidian in the sections of history, archaeology, human origins, unexplained, artifacts, ancient places and myths and legends. Despite a history of ethnic, linguistic, and political fragmentation, the people of the. Protodravidian is the linguistic reconstruction of the common ancestor of the dravidian languages. Dravidian architecture world heritage site pictures, info and. It consists primarily of temples with pyramid shaped towers and are. Dravidian definition is a member of an ancient darkskinned people of southern india.
South indian temple architecture, or dravida, stylewith its commanding. Referring to the architectural heritage of undivided india, lord curzon once commented that it was the greatest galaxy of monuments in the world. The origin of dravidians, one of the most important components of south asian ancestry, is generally linked to the neolithic zagros farmer population from modern day iran. Mentioned as one of three styles of temple building in the. To prepare for central and state civil services exam, download the prepmate.
188 737 1389 1080 483 1555 1001 185 1240 938 1341 91 476 1026 996 45 1649 449 1031 1308 1183 33 631 1398 238 1369 700 1552 11 1096 842 854 1466 509 232 59 103 812 1241 578